Geography of Sonepat

Sonepat is a town as well as a municipal council in Haryana state of India. It was founded as Swarnaprastha. This city comes under the National Capital Region along with Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Faridabad. The distance between Sonepat and Delhi is 20km. It is one of the 21 districts of the state in Northern India. Sonepat town is the district headquarters.

The district borders of Sonepat include Delhi Union Territory in South, Rohtak District in the West, Panipat District in the North, Uttar Pradesh State in the East with the Yamuna River acting as a border and Jind District in the North-West.

Geographical Facts about Sonepat

Located at 28.98'N and 77.02'E, Sonepat has an average elevation of 224.15 meters or 735.4 feet above mean sea level. This Haryana city borders Delhi, the National Capital to the South, Rohtak District to the West, Panipat District to the North and UP State to the East. Broadly speaking, the entire Sonepat district is a part of the Punjab plain; however, the area is not leveled in some parts. As far as soil of Sonepat is concerned, it is fine loam of rich colour. And some areas consist of sandy soil and others Kallar. The plain of this region has a gradual slope to the east and south.

Topography of Sonepat

The Sonepat district is roughly divided into three regions that are discussed below:

The Khadar

The khadar region is formed along the Yamuna river. It is a narrow flood plain which ranges from 2 to 4 miles if you calculate it in width. It is 20 to 30 feet lower and adjoining the upland plain. The soil is fine clay loam, which is basically left by the receding floods of the river Yamuna. Farmers of Sonepat cultivate rice and sugarcane in the areas of khadar. In the recent times, they have started planting papaya, banana and other fruits trees in this part of the Sonepat region.

The Upland Plain

The upland plain basically consists of Sonepat tehsil, which is located to the west of Khadar. It is the most extensive among three regions. It is covered with old alluvium, which is highly productive if the region is irrigated properly. There is extensive farming of flowers, vegetables, horticultural plants, oil seeds and crops in this part of Sonepat area. The ridges in Gohana tehsil are recognized as the northern most extension of the Aravallis.

The Sandy Region

The sandy region of Sonepat district is the much smaller part of the district, which is covered with soil consisting of sandy loam or sand. The parts of this region have high PH values that lead Kallor land.

Yamuna River

The river Yamuna is the main water system in the Haryana state. There are many irrigation canals flowing in and around Sonepat district. This major source of water flows in the eastern side of district along with the rural belt. It also plays a role of natural boundary between the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Climate of Sonepat

The climate of Sonepat is dry with hot conditions in summers and cold atmosphere in winters. The weather becomes pleasant during monsoon period between July and September. The post-monsoon time of October and November is regarded as a transition period prior to the beginning of winter.


The winter season starts from December when day and nigh temperatures fall rapidly and end in February. January is regarded as the coldest month when the average minimum temperature hovers between 6 and 7 degrees Celsius. In fact, night temperature can go down up to freezing point and frosts can occur.


As far as summer season is concerned, May and June are recognized as the hottest months when the maximum temperature can reach up to 47 degrees Celsius. There is a considerable drop in maximum temperature in the month of July when monsoon advances. However, the nigh temperature continues to be high during this period.


The annual rainfall in Sonepat varies considerably from year to year. However, the city experiences the maximum rainfall during the monsoon season. The rainfall period basically accounts for 75% of the annual rainfall in this Haryana district. There are 24 days in a year when the city experience at least 2.5mm rainfall on an average. It only sees high humidity levels during monsoon season. It experiences less than 20% of humidity between April and May. The sky of Sonepat district is heavily clouded and winds are strong during rainy season. Winds speed is generally low at the time of post-monsoon and winter months.

Approx Climate Data for Sonepat

Average High Temperature (In Degrees Celsius)
21 (Jan), 24 (Feb), 30 (Mar), 37 (Apr), 40 (May), 38 (Jun), 35 (Jul), 34 (Aug), 34 (Sep), 33 (Oct), 28 (Nov), 22 (Dec)

Average Low Temperature (In Degrees Celsius)
08 (Jan), 11 (Feb), 16 (Mar), 22 (Apr), 27 (May), 28 (Jun), 28 (Jul), 27 (Aug), 26 (Sep), 21 (Oct), 14 (Nov), 09 (Dec)

Rainfall (In MM)
19.7 (Jan), 24.6 (Feb), 24.6 (Mar), 10.1 (Apr), 40.7 (May), 96.9 (Jun), 190 (Jul), 201 (Aug) 134.3 (Sep), 12 (Oct), 04 (Nov), 10 (Dec)

Humidity (In %)
66 (Jan), 58 (Feb), 47 (Mar), 32 (Apr), 35 (May), 53 (Jun), 68 (Jul), 71 (Aug), 68 (Sep), 55 (Oct), 51 (Nov), 63 (Dec)


The right time to visit Sonepat is in month of February, March, October and November when weather would be comfortable. Even July, August and September are also favourable months for experience pleasant weather conditions along with rains.